Understanding Hypothyroidism: Causes and Symptoms From Dr Ronald Chin’s Perspective
Discover the essential information about Hypothyroidism, including its causes and symptoms. Read our blog for a comprehensive overview of this condition.
Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is a common health issue. It occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones for the body. This shortage of thyroid hormone slows down various body functions, especially metabolism. People of any age can have this condition. In ENT practice, hypothyroidism matters because it can lead to problems with the thyroid gland. These problems might appear as swelling or a nodule in the neck.
What Causes Hypothyroidism?
Primary and Secondary Hypothyroidism
The condition is often split into two groups:
- Primary hypothyroidism: This is the most common kind. It occurs when the thyroid gland does not function properly. The gland does not produce enough hormones, usually due to autoimmune damage.
- Secondary hypothyroidism: This type happens because of an issue in the pituitary gland. It does not properly encourage the thyroid gland to work.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
The primary cause of primary hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This is an autoimmune condition. In this condition, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. As time goes on, this constant inflammation reduces hormone production. It happens more often in women.
Other Causes of Low Thyroid Levels
Additional causes of low thyroid levels include:
- Taking out the thyroid using surgery
- Applying radiation therapy to the neck
- Different kinds of medications
- Having either too little or too much iodine
Recognising the Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Early Signs and Common Complaints
The early signs of hypothyroidism can be mild. They might seem like other issues. Over time, the symptoms of hypothyroidism become more noticeable. These symptoms can include:
- I feel tired and my hypothyroidism does not get better with rest.
- I am gaining weight even though I eat and exercise the same way.
- I feel cold more often because of my thyroid issues.
- I feel sad and have a hard time focusing while I deal with hypothyroidism.
- A slow metabolism from hypothyroidism can cause problems like constipation or dry skin.
These signs are often connected to various reasons unless you have a thyroid test done.
Hypothyroidism in Women
Hypothyroidism happens a lot in women. It can appear with:
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Issues with fertility
- Dry skin or thinning hair
Women over 60 have a higher risk. It is a good idea to have regular screenings. This helps find any problems early.
Diagnosing Hypothyroidism
Thyroid Testing and Hormone Evaluation
A correct diagnosis of hypothyroidism relies on blood tests. These tests look at the amounts of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). When TSH levels are high and T4 levels are low, it typically means the thyroid function is low. If there is a lump in the neck or if the neck appears uneven, ENT specialists may use imaging or a fine needle aspiration. This helps them check for any problems with structure.
Thyroid Hormone Imbalance and ENT Assessment
In some cases, having too much or too little thyroid hormone can cause the thyroid to become larger. This change may be noticeable by sight or touch. Doctors that focus on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) often examine patients who have changes in their voice, feel tightness in their neck, or notice swelling. This check can help determine if the problem is just with the gland or if it relates to other structural issues.
- About the Author
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Dr Ronald Chin is an Australian trained Otolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon.
After graduating as a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Dr Chin undertook further specialised training in Head and Neck Cancer at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.
He has published many research papers and is an active teacher and scholar.
As part of his subspecialty training, Dr Chin has training in Laser, Da Vinci Robotic, Flex Robotic and complex surgical techniques.
In addition to specialised Head and Neck Cancer, Dr Chin also enjoys general adult and paediatric ENT Surgery and practices sinus, snoring/sleep and general paediatric ENT Surgical procedures.
Dr Ronald Chin works as a general Otolaryngologist, offering a wide range of surgical and non-surgical treatments including ear surgery, nose surgery and throat surgery. He provides treatment for chronic conditions such as tonsillitis, sinus problems and problems with hearing.
He is also involved in the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions such as facial paralysis, head and neck cancer and sleep apnea. As well as performing surgery on children, he also provides specialist care for adults, including the treatment of throat disorders, voice loss and ear problems.
Dr Chin has also served as a Conjoint Associate Professor at the University of Sydney, a Conjoint Associate Professor at Western Sydney University and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Technology Sydney.
