Dr Chin Looks At Exploring Nose and Sinus Anatomy: Functions and Structures
Anatomy of the Nose and Sinuses: Functions, Structures, and Conditions
ENT specialists, especially in rhinology, treat disorders of the nasal cavity, nasal passages, and paranasal sinuses, which are vital to respiratory health. They address structural components like the nasal septum, turbinates, and nasal mucosa, essential for air filtration and protection. Common concerns include deviated septum, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, and nasal inflammation. Rhinologists also evaluate the olfactory system and all four major sinuses to identify issues with sinus drainage, infections, and sinus pressure. Care may include medication or surgery to restore function and support long-term nose and sinus health.
Nasal Anatomy and Structure
The nasal cavity, divided by the nasal septum, is composed of cartilage and bone, separating left and right air passages. Turbinates on the sides help humidify and filter air. The nasal mucosa lines the inside, cleaning the air and keeping germs away. The olfactory system, located at the top, allows us to smell things, crucial for our health and everyday life.
Paranasal Sinuses and Their Functions
Here are the four main paranasal sinuses and their functions:
- Maxillary Sinuses: They are located in the cheekbones. They are the largest sinuses. They help drain mucus and make our voice sound nice.
- Frontal Sinuses: These are found above the eyes in the forehead area. They help make the skull lighter and boost our immune system against germs we breathe in.
- Ethmoid Sinuses: A group of small air cells is placed between the eyes. They filter mucus and catch tiny particles in the air.
- Sphenoid Sinuses: These are deep behind the nasal cavity. They help keep the skull stable and support drainage in the upper respiratory tract.
Common Nasal and Sinus Conditions
ENT specialists diagnose and treat various nasal and sinus issues, often resulting from structural abnormalities, infections, or chronic inflammation, including common problems affecting the nose and sinuses.
Common Nasal and Sinus Conditions:
- Deviated Septum: Misaligned nasal septum causing blocked airflow and breathing issues.
- Chronic Sinusitis: Persistent sinus inflammation with congestion, pressure, and mucus buildup.
- Nasal Polyps: Soft tissue growths that obstruct nasal passages and affect smell.
- Acute Sinus Infection: Short-term infection with pain, pressure, and nasal discharge.
- Allergic Rhinitis: Allergy-driven nasal inflammation, sneezing, and congestion.
- Enlarged Turbinates: Swollen turbinates leading to nasal obstruction.
- Nasal Congestion: Blocked nasal passages from various causes like infection or allergy.
- Postnasal Drip: Mucus accumulation in the throat due to sinus or nasal issues.
- Frontal Sinusitis: Inflammation of the frontal sinuses causing forehead pain.
- Olfactory Dysfunction: Reduced or lost sense of smell from sinus or mucosal damage.
ENT and Rhinology Care
ENT specialists, particularly in rhinology, focus on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nose and sinuses. They manage conditions like chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and structural issues such as a deviated septum. Treatment may include medical therapy, in-office procedures, or surgery to restore proper nasal function and improve sinus health. Timely evaluation by an ENT can lead to more effective relief and long-term care.