Ears

Several drugs can lead to toxic damage to the inner ear, affecting hearing and vestibular function. The effects might not always be reversible.

Noise-induced sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) can be caused by excessive exposure to loud noises. This can be classified into 2 categories: acute noise-induced hearing loss and chronic noise-induced hearing loss.

Presbycusis is an age-related sensorineural hearing loss disease. This is more common in men than women. By the age of 75, more than half of the adult population is impacted by it.

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss is an inner ear hearing loss that is present at birth. It can be either hereditary or non-hereditary. The hereditary defects can be classified as non-syndrome-associated and syndrome-associated.

Otosclerosis is the bony overgrowth of the stapes footplate, leading to fixation and conductive hearing loss. Symptoms for this include slow progressive hearing loss in both ears, increased vascularity of the middle ear, bony prominence, and tinnitus might also be seen.

Otosclerosis happens when abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle or inner ear, causing interference with sound traveling to your ear. Otosclerosis can lead to conductive hearing loss.

The inflammation of mastoid cells is called mastoiditis. Mastoid cells are continuous throughout the middle ear cavity. During an AOM episode, inflammation spreads to the mucosal lining of the mastoid air cells, leading to mastoiditis.

Mastoiditis is the inflammation of mastoid air cells. It starts as a middle ear infection. It’s often more prevalent in children than adults. It used to be a common cause of death for children, but now it can be easily cured and isn’t a big threat.

Cholesteatoma is an abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid. It may get bigger with time and damage near structures. This disease can be classified into 2 types – Congenenital and Acquired.

Exostoses is a noncancerous bone tumour. This is generally caused by repeated exposure to cold water or wind, leading to irritation. This disease is generally asymptomatic unless large. But usually, symptoms include hearing loss, cerumen impaction, and cerumen.