Discover essential information about thyroid nodules, including symptoms, causes, and effective treatments. Get informed on our blog today!

Discover how cervical spondylosis can affect your ears and overall health. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options in our detailed blog post.

Discover how hearing works in our latest blog. Learn about the tiny ear structures that play a big role in the way we perceive sound and communicate effectively.

Discover the signs of Laryngitis and learn effective ways to fix the cause and prevent its return. Read our blog for essential tips and insights!

Discover the causes, diagnosis, and effective treatments for chronic sinusitis. Our blog offers essential insights to help you manage this common condition.

Discover how a biopsy for thyroid cancer provides crucial information for diagnosis and treatment. Learn about the process and its importance on our blog.

Discover everything about ENT Surgeries & Treatments for the Neck, including procedures, their importance, and what to expect during recovery.

Discover what causes Swimmer’s ear, how it feels, and effective treatments to stop it. Get all the essential information in our detailed blog post.

Discover the most Common Nose and Sinus Conditions, their diagnosis, and effective care strategies in our informative blog.

Discover Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) techniques and gain valuable patient insights.

Discover common ENT issues in children and learn how early spotting of ear, nose, and throat problems can protect your child’s future.

Discover effective ear cleaning techniques to maintain ear health without causing harm.

Discover the key symptoms of Hyperthyroidism that you shouldn’t ignore.

Discover the importance of pediatric ENT care in spotting early problems and ensuring proper development for your child’s health. Read our guide!

Discover the importance of pediatric ENT care in spotting early problems and ensuring proper development for your child’s health. Read our guide!

Concerned about a lump? Our guide on diagnosing neck lumps offers essential tips for accurate assessment and peace of mind.

Nasal polyps are soft growths in the nasal cavity that can cause chronic sinusitis, blocked airways, and sinus infections.

ENT specialists, especially in rhinology, treat disorders of the nasal cavity, nasal passages, and paranasal sinuses, which are vital to respiratory health.

Discover everything you need to know about tonsillectomy, from the process and risks to recovery tips. Read our comprehensive guide on tonsillectomy!

Sinus issues are among the most common complaints in ENT care, often beginning with subtle symptoms that can be mistaken for a cold or allergies.

Sinus issues are among the most common complaints in ENT care, often beginning with subtle symptoms that can be mistaken for a cold or allergies.

Pediatric ENT is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing ear, nose, and throat conditions in children.

Pain in the outer ear often happens due to swelling, inflammation, or an infection. The outer ear has sensitive skin and cartilage. When it gets irritated, it can feel very uncomfortable.

Hypopharyngeal cancer refers to malignant tumours in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat where the larynx and oesophagus meet.

Hypopharyngeal cancer refers to malignant tumours in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat where the larynx and oesophagus meet.

Oropharyngeal cancer affects the middle part of the throat, including the tonsils, base of the tongue, soft palate, and the pharyngeal walls.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer affecting the upper part of the throat behind the nose.

Oral cancer is a serious yet often preventable condition that affects the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, and other parts of the mouth.

Cancers affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are uncommon but can be aggressive. They are part of a broader category of head and neck malignancies

Sialolithiasis is the presence of stones in any of the salivary glands or ducts.

Benign salivary gland tumors typically present as painless, slow-growing nodules. Though non-cancerous, these tumors require careful evaluation to rule out malignancy.

Acute sialadenitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the salivary glands, primarily caused by bacterial or viral infections.

Salivary glands play a vital role in keeping your mouth healthy, aiding digestion, and protecting against infections.

Dental infections can have significant consequences for the face and neck, often resulting in severe complications if untreated.

Nasal fractures are breaks in the nasal bones or cartilages that often affect appearance and breathing.

Thorough evaluation of a neck mass is essential for optimizing patient outcomes as it enables early and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause, whether benign, infectious, or malignant.

Thorough evaluation of a neck mass is essential for optimizing patient outcomes as it enables early and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause, whether benign, infectious, or malignant.

Thorough evaluation of a neck mass is essential for optimizing patient outcomes as it enables early and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause, whether benign, infectious, or malignant.

Thorough evaluation of a neck mass is essential for optimizing patient outcomes as it enables early and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause, whether benign, infectious, or malignant.

The human ear can be divided into 3 distinct parts. The inner, middle, and outer ear. Among these, the inner ear is the deepest part. It sends signals to our brains about the sounds it reads. Like every other part of our body, it can have disorders and infections. Most of them are congenital and…

The Airway foreign body is the aspiration of a foreign object that can impair oxygenation and ventilation.

Pediatric head and neck malignancies are cancerous growths that occur in the head and neck region of children and adolescents.

Laryngomalacia is the collapse of the supraglottic during inspiration. It’s the most common cause of congenital stridor. It generally resolves in 12 to 18 months.

Epiglottitis is the inflammation of the epiglottis and adjacent supraglottic structures. It most commonly occurs in children between 3 to 8 years of age. The H. influenza vaccine has significantly reduced cases.

Laryngotracheobronchitis is the inflammation of the larynx and trachea that extends into the bronchi. It predominantly occurs between ages 6 months to 3 years

Peritonsillar Abscess is the collection of pus in the peritonsillar space outside the palatine tonsil capsule. It is the most common deep neck infection.

Is characterized by low-grade tonsil discomfort and halitosis, sometimes with mild upper neck lymphadenopathy.

Acute tonsilitis is an acute inflammation of the palatine tonsils. It’s most common in school children. This disorder peaks in winter.

Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size of the pharyngeal tonsil. It is most commonly seen in children aged 3 to 6.

Effusion is when fluids in the middle ear are without signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection.

Inflammation of the middle ear cavity is known as acute otitis media. Its risk factors include young age, daycare, tobacco smoke, down syndrome, bottle feeding when supine, and family history.

Acute otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear space. It’s most common in infants and young children. Around 70% to 80% of infants had at least one episode of AOM by age 3.

Tracheostomy is the temporary opening from the trachea to the lower neck. It’s usually formed to bypass airway obstruction in the larynx or upper airway.

Vocal fold nodules are the thickening or callus formation on the vocal folds. It’s commonly seen in children, professional speakers, singers, and teachers. It’s more common in women than men.

People with certain types of HPV can develop papillomatosis. The disorder causes small, noncancerous tumors to form inside your vocal box and larynx.

In this disorder, the benign fluids collect on the vocal folds. This is most common for male adults. It’s mostly unilateral, but it can also be bilateral.

Chronic Laryngitis is the inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa lasting more than 2 weeks. This is most common among elderly men and smokers.

Acute Laryngitis is the inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa lasting less than 2 weeks.

The larynx is located centrally in the neck and lies between the oropharynx and trachea.

Laryngology is the study of the larynx or the voice box. Apart from producing voice, another key function of the larynx is the protection of the lungs from food and fluid entry.

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a process that involves the incision of the lacrimal sac accessed lateral to the nasal middle turbinate.

Epistaxis is the bleeding from the nose.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is the inflammation of the paranasal sinus lasting for more than 12 weeks. Chronic rhinosinusitis can be classified in 3 ways.

●     Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps

●     Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

●     Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis occurs in both children and adults but is most common in middle-aged adults.

The nose is made up of a framework of bones and cartilage. Those are divided into right and left chambers by nasal septum.

First, the patient’s allergic history is taken. Then allergy testing, vitro testing, and skin testing are conducted.

For treatment, avoidance of allergens and environmental controls are advised.

Several factors may cause allergic rhinitis, including genetic susceptibility, exposure to allergens, environmental factors, or exposure to smoke.

Rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It can be classified into two types.

The nose is made up of a framework of bones and cartilage. Those are divided into right and left chambers by nasal septum.

Rhinology is the study of the nose (Rhino). It has both internal and external components and posteriorly joins the nasopharynx. It filters, warms, and humidifies air to help oxygen transfer.

Following a hearing loss, bone-anchored hearing aids can also significantly enhance hearing ability.

There are several ways to improve hearing surgically. Several procedures can help you achieve your goal. An ossicular chain reconstruction or stapes surgery helps the transmission of vibration through a thickened stapes bone.

Tinnitus is the impression of sound when there is no external stimulus present. The sound can often be described as a buzzing or ringing in the ears. It can either be continuous or intermittent, non-pulsatile or pulsatile.

Nystagmus is the uncontrollable, rapid movement of the eyes.

While vertigo is essentially dizziness, feelings can mean different things to different people. There are a few things you can ask the patient to differentiate and clarify the common divisions of dizziness.

Acoustic Neuroma is a non-cancerous inner ear tumor. This essentially affects your hearing and balance. It constitutes the bulk of cerebellopontine angle tumors. And the majority of the tumors are unilateral.

Menier’s disease is an inner ear disorder characterized by a combination of buzzing tinnitus, hearing loss, and pressure sensation with vertigo. It’s a rare disorder that rarely affects bilateral ears. The symptoms onset between the 3rd and 5th decade of life.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is one of the most common types of vestibular disorders.

Vestibular disorders disturb the body’s balance system. This is caused by some sort of damage in the vestibular system of the inner ear, the central nervous system processing systems, or even both. 

Vestibular neuritis is an inflammation of the inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve or both. This disease is more prevalent in middle-aged adults.

The first step in epley manoevure is the Dix-Hallpike test.

An “uncontrolled” immune system response is the defining characteristic of autoimmune inner ear disease, which is characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Several drugs can lead to toxic damage to the inner ear, affecting hearing and vestibular function. The effects might not always be reversible.

Noise-induced sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) can be caused by excessive exposure to loud noises. This can be classified into 2 categories: acute noise-induced hearing loss and chronic noise-induced hearing loss.

Presbycusis is an age-related sensorineural hearing loss disease. This is more common in men than women. By the age of 75, more than half of the adult population is impacted by it.

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss is an inner ear hearing loss that is present at birth. It can be either hereditary or non-hereditary. The hereditary defects can be classified as non-syndrome-associated and syndrome-associated.

Otosclerosis is the bony overgrowth of the stapes footplate, leading to fixation and conductive hearing loss. Symptoms for this include slow progressive hearing loss in both ears, increased vascularity of the middle ear, bony prominence, and tinnitus might also be seen.

Otosclerosis happens when abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle or inner ear, causing interference with sound traveling to your ear. Otosclerosis can lead to conductive hearing loss.

The inflammation of mastoid cells is called mastoiditis. Mastoid cells are continuous throughout the middle ear cavity. During an AOM episode, inflammation spreads to the mucosal lining of the mastoid air cells, leading to mastoiditis.

Mastoiditis is the inflammation of mastoid air cells. It starts as a middle ear infection. It’s often more prevalent in children than adults. It used to be a common cause of death for children, but now it can be easily cured and isn’t a big threat.

Cholesteatoma is an abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid. It may get bigger with time and damage near structures. This disease can be classified into 2 types – Congenenital and Acquired.

Exostoses is a noncancerous bone tumour. This is generally caused by repeated exposure to cold water or wind, leading to irritation. This disease is generally asymptomatic unless large. But usually, symptoms include hearing loss, cerumen impaction, and cerumen.

Cerumen is commonly known as ear wax, which acts as a protective layer for the ear canal. Excessive amounts of ear wax can cause impaction. It’s usually caused by cerumen overproduction, narrowing of the ear canal, or an obstruction created by an ear canal disease.

Malignant otitis is osteomyelitis of the temporal bone. It’s a rare complication of otitis externa. It is called malignant because of the aggressiveness of the infection. Elderly people and diabetic and immune-compromised patients are prone to this disease. Topical agents usually don’t work for this disease

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Explanation For Otitis Externa Otitis ecterna is an ear condition that causes inflammation in the external auditory canal. This is more prevalent in warmer months. It’s usually caused by bacteria, fungal infections, or irritation. This disease has several risk factors, such as water exposure, trauma to the skin lining in the external…

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Take on the Hearing Tests There are mainly 3 systems of testing for hearing loss. Tympanometry is a system of measuring the compliance of the middle ear. A pure tone signal is passed through the external auditory canal and the sound reflections are measured at different pressures, from -400 to +200mm of…

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Explanation of Types Of Hearing Loss There are mainly 3 kinds of hearing loss- conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss can be caused by the interference of the conduction of sound to the cochlea or any external and internal ear disease.  Sensorineural hearing loss happens…

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Explanation Of The Physiology Of Hearing Hearing is a complex process where the ear converts vibrations into what our brain preserves as sound. First, the sound waves come into the tympanic membrane. Then, the membrane causes a displacement of the auditory ossicles. That movement in the staples at the oval window creates…

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Explanation Of The Anatomy Of The Ear The ear can be divided into three parts: the inner ear, the middle ear, and the external ear. The outer ear comprises the Pinna and the External Auditory Canal (EAC). The Pinna comprises elastic cartilage surrounded by skin on either side. It channels sound waves…

Dr. Ronald Chin’s Method of Examining Oral Cavity When examining the mouth and oropharynx, it’s important to assess different structures for potential issues. Lips: Look at the color and symmetry of the lips and check for any abnormal spots or sores. Gingiva, Teeth, and Buccal Mucosa: Use a tongue depressor to lift the cheeks away…

Dr Ronald Chin’s Way of Examining the Ear Firstly to asses the external ear, check its size, shape, position, and overall condition. Also looks for any scars, swelling, redness, tenderness, or unusual features in the areas behind the ear and the bony region called the mastoid. Next, use an otoscope to examine the ear canal…